South africas climate map used in alu to calculate ghg emissions, lso is the country, lesotho. July 2016 to compete for procurement, including wind, solar, hydro, biomass, biogas, and landfill gas. South africa is in the process of preparing a manual for preparation of national ghg. Pdf the influence of water table and burning on greenhouse gas. Suppliers report the quantity of ghgs that would be emitted if the fuels and industrial ghgs that they place into the economy each year are usedreleased. The global climate is the connected system of sun, earth and oceans, wind, rain and snow, forests, deserts and savannas, and everything people do, too. The annual average concentration of carbon dioxide co 2, the most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gas, increased to 405 and 408 parts per million ppm in 2017 and 2018, respectively. South africas oldest retailer edcon has confirmed the expected that it may not emerge from covid19 lockdown alive. Carbon dioxide co2 emissions are greenhouse gases resulting from the burning of fossil fuels. Amount of greenhouse gas emissions per year in the eu as the infographic above shows, co2 is the greenhouse gas that is emitted the most. Life on earth depends on the presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to insulate our planets surface against the chill of space. Greenhouse gas emissions from different crop production. National greenhouse gas ghg inventory for south africa. China argues that for each person, the country emits far fewer greenhouse gases.
Greenhouse effect, a warming of earths surface and troposphere the lowest layer of the atmosphere caused by the presence of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and certain other gases in the air. Look out for new greenhouse gas regulations cnbc africa. However, this trend is increasing as illustrated in figure 2, showing the trend in global total greenhouse gas emissions from 1980 to 1997. Emissions associated with these fuels and industrial gases do not occur at the suppliers facility but instead occur throughout the. The final plan marks a major shift in energy policy, which is remarkable for a coaldominated country like south africa. South africa is the worlds 14th largest emitter of greenhouse gases ghgs. Greenhouse gas, any gas capable of absorbing infrared radiation net heat energy emitted from earths surface and reradiating it back to earths surface, thus contributing to the phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect. Republic of korea, south africa and the usa are either. South africa s greenhouse gas emissions are high for a developing country, but we are slowly beginning to address this.
Andrew marquard, senior researcher in the energy research centre, discusses south africas progress in addressing climate change. The impact of cities is proportional to the level of. Key transport emitting sources, trend analysis and modal intensities were determined for the two countries. Greenhouse gas emissions inventory for the city of johannesburg. Durban the volume of south africas climatewarming gases has surged by nearly 25 percent over the past 10 years, despite warnings that all countries need to. Greenhouse gas emissions profiles of neighbourhoods in. The greenhouse effect is the warming that happens when certain gases in earths atmosphere trap heat. Greenhouse gas emissions from vegetation fires in southern. A greenhouse gas ghg is a gas that absorbs and emits thermal radiation, creating a greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in south. Of those gases, known as greenhouse gases, water vapor has the largest effect.
Greenhouse gas inventory south africa i preface this report is the result of work commissioned by the department of environmental affairs and tourism deat to develop the 2000 national inventory of greenhouse gases ghgs for. Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations european. Surveys and mapping cdsm and the department of water affairs and forestry. The estimated emissions from vegetation burning in the subcontinent are 0. The atmosphere is largely transparent to the suns energy, most of which arrives in. These greenhouse gases keep the surface of the earth approximately 60f warmer than we would expect without these gases present. However, a recently released draft electricity plan proposes a significant shift away from the fuel, towards gas and renewables. This factsheet breaks down greenhouse gas ghg emissions in south africa in 2012 by sector, emissions trends, how emissions relate to gross domestic product gdp and the countrys mitigation strategies.
The soil classification used was based on soil taxonomic description and textural data as outlined by ipcc 2006. The 324 tg co2 emitted is expected to be reabsorbed in subsequent years. Home ghg data ghg data unfccc global map annex i global map annex i please select sector or subsector, gas and inventory year. South africa, a nonannex 1 developing country, is ranked among the top 20 countries measured by absolute carbon dioxide co 2 emissions. Measurements of atmospheric co 2 since 1958 from the mauna loa observatory in hawaii black and from the south pole red.
There are a range of greenhouse gases, which include methane, nitrous oxide, and a range of smaller concentration trace gases such as the socalled group of fgases. Our general hypotheses are that water table has a signi cant e ect on ghg emission from. Manfred braune green building council south africa gbcsa victoria burrows, jonathan laski, audrey nugent and terri wills world green building council worldgbc and thulani vuyo kuzwayo. This study used the intergovernmental panel on climate change tier 2 approach to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in south africa and lesotho between 2000 and 2009. From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of. The faq discusses the relative potency, concentration and expected atmopsheric lifetime. Academy of science of south africa 2011, towards a low carbon city.
Produce greenhouse gases when its burnt gases emitted pollute the atmosphere. Additionally, the recommendations of the academy of science of south africa assaf low carbon report for durban, including focusing on reducing emissions from heavy trucks, were not considered by the municipality. In spite of the great relevance of africa as an agricultural country and the vulnerability of its agroecosystem due to the climate change, very little is known about greenhouse gases emissions in. However, a recently released draft electricity plan proposes a. Co2 from fossil fuel consumption is the best known source of greenhouse gas, though certainly not the only one. Greenhouse gas emissions profiles of neighbourhoods in durban. First, the suns energy enters the top of the atmosphere as shortwave radiation and makes its way down to the ground without reacting with the greenhouse gases.
The vast majority of south africas co 2emissions about 80 per cent are produced by the electricity sector, the metals industry and the transport sector. Greenhouse gases are those that absorb and emit infrared radiation in the wavelength range emitted by earth. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and facilitating the transition to a green economy, supra at 19. While carbon dioxide is important in keeping the earth a habitable temperature, the excessive co2 emissions caused by the increasing. South africa emitted 464 million metric tons mtco2e in 2012, with the energy sector contributing 84 percent to overall emissions. In the visualization we show a range of potential future scenarios of global greenhouse gas emissions measured in gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents, based on data from climate action tracker.
The climate of a place, say new york, can be described as its rainfall, changing temperatures during the year and. Here, i discuss the role of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapour in global warming, using a hierarchy of climate models with increasing complexity. Dulal, h b, akbar, s 20, greenhouse gas emission reduction options. Greenhouse gases linked to african rainfall sciencedaily.
Greenhouse gas emissions grew 44 percent from 1990 2012, with the energy sector increasing emissions by 127 mtco2e in the same time period. South africa is characterised by soils with very low organic matter levels du preez et al. Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor are the most important greenhouse gases. Burning fields and grasslands in southern africa appear to emit almost as much nox as. While natural water vapor has the greatest impact on the greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are the most notable manmade contributors.
An inventory compilation manual documenting sources of. Global protocol for communityscale greenhouse gas emissions gpc. An introduction to the major greenhouse gases in the earths atmosphere. Is it the absolute amount of carbon dioxide emitted by a country in a particular year. Maps showing study sites of co2, ch4, and n2o fluxes in natural ecosystems left and agricultural lands right in subsaharan. Faostat, 2016 this document is based on information available at the date of publication, and does not reflect official views of the u.
Climate change refers to significant, longterm changes in the global climate. The regions growing reliance on coal and oil, along with defor estation, are undermining national pledges to curb. Search for places within south africa in carbon briefs global map of rising. The emissions are summed over the 1989 fire season for africa south of the equator. In accordance with the convention and the relevant decisions of the conference of the parties cop, annex i parties to the convention submit to the secretariat national greenhouse gas inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the montreal protocol. Scientists may have solved a longstanding enigma known as. Other greenhouse gases are emitted in smaller quantities, but they trap heat far more effectively than co2, and in some cases are thousands of times stronger. Millions of cars and trucks pdf in southern california. Greenhouse gas emissions from industrial processes are presently about 3% of global total co2eq. A soil map of south africa was developed using gis. Furthermore, the results of the em emissions inventory do not inform city plans and policies, nor are they even mentioned in the idp. The total concentration of all greenhouse gases, including cooling aerosols, reached a value of 454 ppm in co 2 equivalents in 2017 an increase of more than 4 ppm compared with 2016, and. In addition, the magnitude and regional distribution of the various sf6 sources is discussed as well as the recent 19901995 trends of global total emissions per source category.
Africa is the continent that contributes the least to global warming in both absolute and per capita terms. First report on greenhouse gas emissions from african rivers. South africas greenhouse gas emissions are high for a developing country, but we are slowly beginning to address this. Climate change is the defining issue of our time and we are at a defining moment. Africa accounts for the smallest share of global greenhouse gas emissions3. South africa cait historic explore historic greenhouse. Pdf wetland soils are an important pool in the global carbon cycle. In which case, it would be the worlds largest economies. Andrew marquard, senior researcher in the energy research centre, discusses south africa s progress in addressing climate change.
The impact of climate change in southeast asia imf. The 90yearold retailer has entered voluntary business rescue after. Its co2 emissions are principally due to a heavy reliance on coal. The report is prepared in accordance with the united nations framework.
Government gaette staatskoerant replic of sot africa replie van sid afria vol. Launch the play button to visualize emissions over time. What does the future of our carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions look like. See page b3 to learn about the sources of human emitted greenhouse gases.
Contribution of various sources to total energy ghg emissions 2010. The latest south african greenhouse gas inventory dea, 20, suggests that in. Greenhouse gases vary in their relative contributions to global warming. Unlike earlier drafts, the irp2019 proposes extending the operational lifetime of south africas sole nuclear power plant by 20 years, up to 2044. Interactive data of these pathways can be found here. G a s, fuller, s 20, climate justice and global cities. Maps of nitrous oxide emissions, a potent greenhouse gas quartz. South africas ghg emissions are among the highest in the world, and its absolute carbon dioxide emissions rank among the top 20 countries, with emissions per capita in the region of 10 metric tons per annum. Multiple opportunities exist to mitigate greenhouse gas ghg emissions in the buildings and construction sector. Greenhouse gas emissions from different crop production and. Covering 12 rivers spread across the entire continent of africa including the congo, the second largest river in the world, the study shows that greenhouse gas emissions from the. Reduce the production of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases.